Combined level and grade-finder.



PATENTBD SEPT. 15, 1903.

CQJ. WEBER. Y COMBINED LEVEL AND GRADE EINDEE.

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APPLIOATIGN FILED DEU. 18, 1902.

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UNITED' STATES jatented September 15, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

OYRUS J. WEBER, OF STEELTON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALE TO THOMAS J. RAFTERY, OUMBERLAND, MARYLAND. n

COMBINED LEVEL ANDc-aAnE-.FINDEa SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No'. 739,242, dated september 1,5, 1903. Applicatien'iiled December 13, 1902. Serial No. 135,767. (No model),- A

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GYRUs J. WEBER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Steelton, in the county of Dauphin and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Combined Level and Grade-Finder, of which the following is a speciiication.-

This invention relates to devices employed for leveling purposes by mechanics and enro gineers and which may also be employed for ascertaining the grades or inclination of roads, bridges, and other structures, and has for its object the production of a simple and inexpensive instrument which may be employed for all the various purposes of an ordinary mechanics level, combined with an implement whereby much of the work heretofore requiring the use 0f expensive and cumbersome engineering instruments may be accomplished by persons who'are not skilled engineers. A

The invention consists in certain n'ovel features of construction, as hereinafterA shown and described, and specified in the claims. In the drawings illustrative of the invention, in Which'corresponding parts are denoted by like designating characters, Figure l is a longitudinal section elevation. Fig. 2 is an end elevation. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

The body or stock indicated at 10 is of the structure employed in ordinary spirit-levels, with parallel sidesand forming va straightedgeiand provided with the usual spirit or 3 5 mercury leveling-bulb l1, located in a recess therein. l Y

Formed partially through the stock 10 is a longitudinal aperture 14, preferably located near the lower edge, or the edge farthest from the spirit or mercury bulb l1, and intersected by a lateral aperture 14, extending partially through the stock from its upper edge, as shown. The lateral aperture 14 will prefer- 'flected centrally through thelateral aperture` 14, as indicated by dottedline in Fig. l.

Within the aperture 13 are located transverse hair-lines, (indicated at 17 18,) one preferably at the outer end ofthe aperture'and 55 the other at an intermediate point between the mirror and the outer end of the aperture. The hairlines1will be arranged in substantially the same manner and employed for the same purpose as `the hair-lines of engineers 6o or surveyors instruments, and it will be obvious that they must be placed in such exact relations to the side edges of the stock 10 as to denote the exact position of objects with whichthey. are alined. By this simple arrangement it willgbe obvious that if the stock 10 be adjusted until the bnbblein the bulb 11 beexactly centered7 therein whatever object appears in alinement with the hair-line 17 18 when reflected through the eyepiece'l 7o will be exactly level with the center of the aperture '13. The operator can thus very readily ascertain the exact relative position of widely-separated objects with as much exactness and certainty as with the more expensive and cumbersome engineering instruments, and being so simpleand convenient in structure it may be readily transported and employed in many places where it would be very diflicult to use the ordinary survey- 8o ors instrument. The instrument will not weigh more than the ordinary carpenters or mechanics level and maybe as readily transported and stored. v

To enable theinstrument to be employed for ascertaining grades or inclinations, a graduated dial 19 will be arranged with a recess' 2O in the stock10 and with a pointer 22, pivoted at 23 and adapted to move over the graduations, it being understood thatjthe rela- 9o tive locations of the pivot 23 andl central graduation of the dial will be so disposed that the operative end of the pointer will be opposite the central graduation when the stock 10 is level. Transversely disposed in the aperture 20A is -a shaft 24, and suspended from this shaft is a swinging weight 25. Connecting the free end of the weight 25 and the pointer 22 is a rod 26, so that the swinging movement of the weight will be imparted to the pointer. roe

By this simple arrangement it will be obvious that any change of position of the stock l0 will not be imparted to the weight 25, which will be maintained by gravity at all times in a vertical position, and by means of the connecting-rod 26 and dial 19 the degree of change of position will be denoted upon the dial by the pointer.

The dial 19 will be graduated upon both faces and located intermediately of the recess 20, so as to be visible from both sides of the stock l0, and the point 22 will be divided with a portion upon each side of the dial, so that no Vmattei' from which side'of the stock the dial is viewed it may be read This is a very convenient arrangement and adds materially to the usefulness of the instrument.V

One of the graduated dials and its connected swinging weight will be arranged transversely of the stock to denote the degree of ang'ularity when the instrument is used perpendicularly; but the mode of action and results produced are substantially the same as when the stock is employed in a horizontal position.

The instrument may be of any desired size and material and may be modified in minor particulars without departing from the principle of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim isl. In la combined level and gradender, a stockV or body member, an aperture longitudinally disposed within said stock, a lateral aperture in said stock intersecting said longitudinal aperture, an inclined mirror disposed at the juncture of the two apertures and adapted to redect the beams of light passing through said longitudinal aperture centrally through said lateral aperture, and pairs of intersecting hair-lines spaced apart within said longitudinal aperture, substantially as described.

2. In a combined level and grade-finder, a stock or body member, an aperture longitudinally disposed within said stock, a lateral aperture in said stock intersecting said longitudinal aperture, and converging toward its inner end, an inclined mirror disposed at the juncture of the two apertures and adapted to reect the beams of light passing through said longitudinal aperture centrally through said lateral aperture, and pairs of intersecting hair-lines spaced apart within said longitudinal aperture, substantially as described.

3. In a combined level and grade-finder, a stock or body member, a spirit-bubble connected to said stock, an aperturelongitudi nally disposed wthin said stock, a lateral aperture in said stock intersecting said longitudinal aperture, an inclined mirror disposed at the juncture of the two apertures and adapted to reiect the beams of light passing through said longitudinal aperture centrally through said lateral aperture, and pairs ot' intersecting hair-lines spaced apart within said longitudinal aperture, substantially as de-v scribed.

4. In a combined level and grade-lnder, a stock or body member provided with a recess, an aperture longitudinally disposed within said stock, a lateral aperture in said stock intersecting said longitudinal aperture, an inclined mirror disposed at the juncture of the two apertures and adapted to reliect the beams of light passing through said longitudinal aperture centrally through said lateral.

aperture, a graduated dial, a pointer movable over said dial, and a swinging weight operatively connected to said dial, said dial, pointer and weight being located within the stock-recess, substantially as described.

5. In a combined level and grade-finder, a stock or body member having parallel sides and being provided with a recess, an aperture longitudinallyvdisposed within said stock, a lateral aperture in said stock intersecting said longitudinal aperture disposed between said parallel sides, an inclined mirror disposed at the juncture of the two apertures and adapted to retiect thebeams of light passing through said longitudinal aperture ceutrally through said lateral aperture, a graduated dial, a pointer movable over said dial, a swinging weight, and means between the weight and pointer whereby the movement of the weight will be imparted to the pointer,

said dial, pointer and weight being located within the stock-recess, substantially as described.

6. In a combined level and grade-finder, a stock or body member, an aperture longitudinally disposed within said stock,a lateral aper ture in said stock intersecting said longitudinal aperture, an inclined mirror disposed at the juncture of the two apertures and adapt ed to reflect the beams of light passing through said longitudinal aperture centrally through said lateral aperture, a graduated dial, a pointer movable over said dial, a swinging Weight, and a rod connecting said weight and pointer, whereby the movement of the weight will be imparted to the pointer, substantially as described.

7. In a combined level and grade-finder, a stock or body member, an aperture longitudinally disposed within said stock, a lateral aperture in said stock intersecting said lon gitudinal aperture, an inclined mirror disposed at the juncture of the two apertures and adapted to Vreiiect the beams of light passing through said longitudinal aperture centrally through said lateral aperture, an aperture transversely disposed through said stock, a dial graduated upon its opposite surfaces and disposed within said transverse aperture and y visible from both sides of the stock, a divided pointer disposed to move over both sides of said dial, a swinging weight, and means whereby the movement of said weight is imparted to the pointer, substantially as described.

8. In a combined level and grade-tindex', a

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stock or bod'ymember provided with a plurality of recesses, an aperture longitudinally disposed within said stock, a lateral aperture in said stock intersecting said longitudinal aperture, an inclined mirror disposed at the juncture of the two apertures and adapted to reflect the beams of light passing through said longitudinal aperture centrally through said lateral aperture, a graduated dial, na pointer movable over said dial, and a swinging weight operatively connected to said dial, said dial,

pointer and weight being located within'one ofthe stock-recesses, anda spirit-bubble lo with a plurality of recesses, a spirit-bubble located within.. one of said stock-recesses, a

graduated dial, a pointer movable over said dial, aswinging weight,aud connecting means between said weight and pointer, wherebythe movement of the weight will be 4imparted to I the pointer, said dial, pointer and Weight being located within another stock-recess, substantially as described.

ll. In a combined level and grade-finder, a supporting stock or body member, a spiritbubble connected to the stock, a graduated dial, a pointer movableover said dial, a transverse shaft, aweight swinging upon said shaft, and a rod connecting the free end of said weight with said pointer, substantially as described. K

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto axed my signaturein the presence of two witnesses.

CYRUS J. -WEBER.

Witnesses:

S. J. ENGER, S. L. YETTER. 

